EMERGENCY 20 EFFICIENCY ISO
2019).Īdditionally, the T-3 pattern alarm, as defined by the up-to-date ISO 8201: 2017 “Alarm systems-Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal,” is expected to become the universal standard of emergency evacuation signals, meaning that an emergency (e.g., fire, gas leaks, explosion, and nuclear radiation) requires immediate evacuation (see details in the original ISO 8201: 2017). The assessment of human behavior during pre-evacuation is mainly done after a fire has occurred and is subject to problems of highly emotional implications of recalling a traumatic incident, as the malleability of memory can affect survivors’ accounts (Arias et al. Quantitative data related to the pre-evacuation period are acquired through literature reviews of previous reports on building fires (Lin et al. Also, the vast majority of the related studies are qualitatively oriented (Liu and Lo 2011 Zhao et al. 2020), as ethical and safety issues (e.g., putting participants in danger), enormous time and financial costs, the balance of ecological validity and experimental control continued to be challenging (Meng and Zhang 2014 Duarte et al. Mainly, experimental research is challenging to conduct (Galea et al. Studying human behavior in building emergencies is not easy. Relatively little attention has been devoted to the pre-evacuation period (Lin et al.
EMERGENCY 20 EFFICIENCY HOW TO
2020), with extensive studies focusing mainly on occupants’ primary goal in building emergencies, that is, how to arrive at targeted destinations safely in the shortest possible time, and wayfinding is the primary human behavior that occurs (Vilar et al. The second phase (i.e., movement period) has been widely studied by researchers (Lin et al. 2010), occupants’ behavior is considered in terms of two main categories of processes: (1) the pre-evacuation period and (2) the movement period.
For the estimated time-dependent features of an emergency evacuation (Kobes et al. 2012).Īccording to Abdelgawad and Abdulhai ( 2009), an emergency evacuation can be understood as the movement of people from a hazardous area to safe destinations. 2020) shows that emergency evacuations were the primary behavior and have been researched extensively since the 1950s and especially after the World Trade Center (WTC) attack in 2001 (Gershon et al. A recent systematic review of human behavior under building emergencies (Lin et al. In these circumstances, occupant behavior is one of the most critical determinants of occupant safety (Kobes et al. Human safety in buildings has become an increasingly critical issue, especially during emergencies, such as fires, earthquakes, and terrorist attacks (Guha-Sapir et al. This study added a step to the efficacy of using VR as a tool to study human behavior during the pre-evacuation period and pointed out the need for the next generation of alarms, which will improve human safety in building emergencies. In summary, the VR-based methodology successfully reproduced evacuation behaviors similar to real situations, with the influence of pre-emergency activity.
EMERGENCY 20 EFFICIENCY SIMULATOR
simulator sickness, presence, and usability questionnaires confirmed the variable control between conditions. Open-ended questions summarized three levels of knowledge background that justified the reasons/motivations behind pre-evacuation behaviors. Statistical results confirmed the influence of pre-emergency activity on evacuation efficiency. Five types of evacuation behaviors were defined, and compliance behavior results showed most participants (66.7%) evacuated with the ISO-type evacuation alarm in low engagement condition, whereas only 20% of participants evacuated in high engagement situation. Two conditions with different engagement levels (i.e., low and high) were set up, and sixty company workers were distributed across conditions randomly.
The current manuscript verifies the use of virtual reality (VR)-based methodology as a helpful way to study human behavior during the pre-evacuation period, considering the influence of pre-emergency activity (competitive tasks).
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